Tiên lượng tử vong ở bệnh nhân nhồi máu cơ tim cấp

1 MỞ ĐẦU

Ngày nay, nhồi máu cơ tim cấp vẫn là một trong những nguyên nhân chủ yếu gây tử vong

và tàn tật trên thế giới. Vào năm 2017, ước đoán 695.000 người Mỹ mới mắc NMCT cấp

và 325.000 người có biến cố NMCT tái phát [1].

Mặc dù điều trị sớm bằng tái tưới máu và thuốc đã góp phần giảm đáng kể tử vong sau

NMCT trong 30 năm qua [2,3] nhưng tỉ lệ tử vong trong bệnh viện vẫn còn cao hơn 4% và

có thể đạt đến hơn 30% ở một số phân nhóm. Hiểu các yếu tố liên quan tử vong sau

NMCT cấp có thể hướng dẫn quyết định điều trị cũng như cung cấp thông tin tiên lượng

quan trọng không những cho bác sĩ mà còn cho bệnh nhân và gia đình của họ. Ngoài ra,

các mô hình nguy cơ giúp tiên lượng và so sánh kết cục tử vong. Để tăng hiểu biết về nguy

cơ tử vong của bệnh nhân sau NMCT độc lập với điều trị, bài viết này tập trung vào những

thông tin sẵn có sớm sau khi khởi phát bệnh gồm các yếu tố nguy cơ chính của tử vongsau NMCT cấp (như yếu tố dân số, bệnh đồng mắc và đặc điểm lâm sàng và cận lâm

sàng) và các mô hình tiên lượng nguy cơ ở bệnh nhân NMCT cấp.

pdf22 trang | Chuyên mục: Hệ Tim Mạch | Chia sẻ: yen2110 | Lượt xem: 520 | Lượt tải: 0download
Tóm tắt nội dung Tiên lượng tử vong ở bệnh nhân nhồi máu cơ tim cấp, để xem tài liệu hoàn chỉnh bạn click vào nút "TẢI VỀ" ở trên
evation 
myocardial infarction: data from the Swedish Web-System for Enhancement and 
Development of Evidence-Based Care in Heart Disease Evaluated According to 
Recommended Therapies (SWEDEHEART). Circulation. 2009;120(10):851-8. 
25. Steg PG, Dabbous OH, Feldman LJ, Cohen-Solal A, Aumont MC, et al. Determinants 
and prognostic impact of heart failure complicating acute coronary syndromes: 
observations from the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE). Circulation. 
2004;109(4):494-9. 
26. Piccini JP, White JA, Mehta RH, Lokhnygina Y, Al-Khatib SM, Tricoci P, et al. 
Sustained ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation complicating non-ST-segment-
elevation acute coronary syndromes. Circulation. 2012;126(1):41-9. 
27. Schmitt J, Duray G, Gersh BJ, Hohnloser SH. Atrial fibrillation in acute myocardial 
infarction: a systematic review of the incidence, clinical features and prognostic 
implications. Eur Heart J. 2009;30(9):1038-45. 
28. Granger CB, Goldberg RJ, Dabbous O, Pieper KS, Eagle KA, Cannon CP, et al. 
Predictors of hospital mortality in the global registry of acute coronary events. Arch Intern 
Med. 2003;163(19):2345-53. 
29. Kolte D, Khera S, Aronow WS, Mujib M, Palaniswamy C, Sule S, et al. Trends in 
Incidence, Management, and Outcomes of Cardiogenic Shock Complicating ST‐Elevation 
Myocardial Infarction in the United States. J Am Heart Assoc. 2014;3:e000590 
30. Aissaoui N, Puymirat E, Simon T, Bonnefoy-Cudraz E, Angoulvant D, Schiele F, et al. 
Long-term outcome in early survivors of cardiogenic shock at the acute stage of myocardial 
infarction: a landmark analysis from the French registry of Acute ST-elevation and non-ST-
elevation Myocardial Infarction (FAST-MI) Registry. Crit Care. 2014;18(5):516. 
31. Hathaway WR, Peterson ED, Wagner GS, Granger CB, Zabel KM, Pieper KS, et al. 
Prognostic significance of the initial electrocardiogram in patients with acute myocardial 
infarction. GUSTO-I Investigators. Global Utilization of Streptokinase and t-PA for Occluded 
Coronary Arteries. JAMA. 1998;279(5):387-91. 
32. Damman P, Holmvang L, Tijssen JG, Lagerqvist B, Clayton TC, Pocock SJ, et al. 
Usefulness of the admission electrocardiogram to predict long-term outcomes after non-ST-
elevation acute coronary syndrome (from the FRISC II, ICTUS, and RITA-3 [FIR] Trials). 
Am J Cardiol. 2012;109(1):6-12. 
33. Antman EM, Tanasijevic MJ, Thompson B, Schactman M, McCabe CH, Cannon CP, et 
al. Cardiac-specific troponin I levels to predict the risk of mortality in patients with acute 
coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med. 1996;335(18):1342-9. 
34. Ohman EM, Armstrong PW, Christenson RH, Granger CB, Katus HA, Hamm CW, et al. 
Cardiac troponin T levels for risk stratification in acute myocardial ischemia. GUSTO IIA 
Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1996;335(18):1333-41. 
35. Mueller C, Neumann FJ, Perruchoud AP, Zeller T, Buettner HJ. Prognostic value of 
quantitative troponin T measurements in unstable angina/non-ST-segment elevation acute 
myocardial infarction treated early and predominantly with percutaneous coronary 
intervention. Am J Med. 2004;117(12):897-902. 
36. Grinstein J, Bonaca MP, Jarolim P, Conrad MJ, Bohula-May E, Deenadayalu N, et al. 
Prognostic implications of low level cardiac troponin elevation using high-sensitivity cardiac 
troponin T. Clin Cardiol. 2015;38(4):230-5. 
37. James SK, Armstrong P, Barnathan E, Califf R, Lindahl B, Siegbahn A, et al. Troponin 
and C-reactive protein have different relations to subsequent mortality and myocardial 
infarction after acute coronary syndrome: a GUSTO-IV substudy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 
2003;41(6):916-24. 
38. Nikfardjam M, Mullner M, Schreiber W, Oschatz E, Exner M, Domanovits H, et al. The 
association between Creactive protein on admission and mortality in patients with acute 
myocardial infarction. J Intern Med. 2000;247(3):341-5. 
39. James SK, Lindahl B, Siegbahn A, Stridsberg M, Venge P, Armstrong P, et al. N-
terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and other risk markers for the separate prediction of 
mortality and subsequent myocardial infarction in patients with unstable coronary artery 
disease: a Global Utilization of Strategies To Open occluded arteries (GUSTO)-IV 
substudy. Circulation. 2003;108(3):275-81. 
40. Krumholz HM, Merrill AR, Schone EM, Schreiner GC, Chen J, Bradley EH, et al. 
Patterns of hospital performance in acute myocardial infarction and heart failure 30-day 
mortality and readmission. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2009;2(5):407-13. 
41. Bradley EH, Herrin J, Curry L, Cherlin EJ, Wang Y, Webster TR, et al. Variation in 
hospital mortality rates for patients with acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 
2010;106(8):1108-12. 
42. Bradley EH, Curry LA, Spatz ES, Herrin J, Cherlin EJ, Curtis JP, et al. Hospital 
strategies for reducing risk standardized mortality rates in acute myocardial infarction. Ann 
Intern Med. 2012;156(9):618-26. 
43. Bucholz EM, Butala NM, Normand SL, Wang Y, Krumholz HM. Association of 
Guideline-Based Admission Treatments and Life Expectancy After Myocardial Infarction in 
Elderly Medicare Beneficiaries. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;67(20):2378-91. 
44. Bucholz EM, Butala NM, Ma S, Normand SLT, Krumholz HM. Life Expectancy after 
Myocardial Infarction by Hospital Performance. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(14):1332-42. 
45. Wang Y, Eldridge N, Metersky ML, Sonnenfeld N, Fine JM, Pandolfi MM, et al. 
Association Between Hospital Performance on Patient Safety and 30-Day Mortality and 
Unplanned Readmission for Medicare Fee-for-Service Patients With Acute Myocardial 
Infarction. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016;5(7). 
46. Antman EM, Cohen M, Bernink PJ, McCabe CH, Horacek T, Papuchis G, et al. The 
TIMI risk score for unstable angina/non-ST elevation MI: A method for prognostication and 
therapeutic decision making. JAMA. 2000;284(7):835-42. 
47. Morrow DA, Antman EM, Snapinn SM, McCabe CH, Theroux P, Braunwald E. An 
integrated clinical approach to predicting the benefit of tirofiban in non-ST elevation acute 
coronary syndromes. Application of the TIMI Risk Score for UA/NSTEMI in PRISM-PLUS. 
Eur Heart J. 2002;23(3):223-9. 
48. Soiza RL, Leslie SJ, Williamson P, Wai S, Harrild K, Peden NR, et al. Risk stratification 
in acute coronary syndromes - does the TIMI risk score work in unselected cases? QJM. 
2006;99(2):81-7. 
49. Inhibition of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa with eptifibatide in patients with acute coronary 
syndromes. The PURSUIT Trial Investigators. Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa in Unstable 
Angina: Receptor Suppression Using Integrilin 
Therapy. N Engl J Med. 1998;339(7):436-43. 
50. Boersma E, Pieper KS, Steyerberg EW, Wilcox RG, Chang WC, Lee KL, et al. 
Predictors of outcome in patients with acute coronary syndromes without persistent ST-
segment elevation. Results from an international trial of 9461 patients. The PURSUIT 
Investigators. Circulation. 2000;101(22):2557-67. 
51. Morrow DA, Antman EM, Parsons L, de Lemos JA, Cannon CP, Giugliano RP, et al. 
Application of the TIMI risk score for ST-elevation MI in the National Registry of Myocardial 
Infarction 3. JAMA. 2001;286(11):1356-9. 
52. Addala S, Grines CL, Dixon SR, Stone GW, Boura JA, Ochoa AB, et al. Predicting 
mortality in patients with STelevation myocardial infarction treated with primary 
percutaneous coronary intervention (PAMI risk score). Am J Cardiol. 2004;93(5):629-32. 
53. De Luca G, Suryapranata H, van 't Hof AW, de Boer MJ, Hoorntje JC, Dambrink JH, et 
al. Prognostic assessment of patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with primary 
angioplasty: implications for early discharge. Circulation. 2004;109(22):2737-43. 
54. Stone GW, Grines CL, Cox DA, Garcia E, Tcheng JE, Griffin JJ, et al. Comparison of 
angioplasty with stenting, with or without abciximab, in acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J 
Med. 2002;346(13):957-66. 
55. Halkin A, Singh M, Nikolsky E, Grines CL, Tcheng JE, Garcia E, et al. Prediction of 
mortality after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction: 
the CADILLAC risk score. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;45(9):1397-405. 
56. Fox KA, Dabbous OH, Goldberg RJ, Pieper KS, Eagle KA, Van de Werf F, et al. 
Prediction of risk of death and myocardial infarction in the six months after presentation 
with acute coronary syndrome: prospective multinational observational study (GRACE). 
BMJ. 2006;333(7578):1091. 
57. Fox KA, Fitzgerald G, Puymirat E, Huang W, Carruthers K, Simon T, et al. Should 
patients with acute coronary disease be stratified for management according to their risk? 
Derivation, external validation and outcomes using the updated GRACE risk score. BMJ. 
2014;4(2):e004425. 
58. Abu-Assi E, Ferreira-Gonzalez I, Ribera A, Marsal JR, Cascant P, Heras M, et al. "Do 
GRACE (Global Registry of Acute Coronary events) risk scores still maintain their 
performance for predicting mortality in the era of contemporary management of acute 
coronary syndromes?". Am Heart J. 2010;160(5):826-34.e1-3. 
59. Chin CT, Chen AY, Wang TY, Alexander KP, Mathews R, Rumsfeld JS, et al. Risk 
adjustment for in-hospital mortality of contemporary patients with acute myocardial 
infarction: the acute coronary treatment and intervention outcomes network (ACTION) 
registry-get with the guidelines (GWTG) acute myocardial infarction mortality model and 
risk score. Am Heart J. 2011;161(1):113-22.e2. 
60. McNamara RL, Kennedy KF, Cohen DJ, Diercks DB, Moscucci M, Ramee S, et al. 
Predicting In-Hospital Mortality in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll 
Cardiol. 2016;68(6):626-35. 
61. McNamara RL, Wang Y, Partovian C, Montague J, Mody P, Eddy E, et al. Development 
of a Hospital Outcome Measure Intended for Use With Electronic Health Records: 30-Day 
Risk-standardized Mortality After Acute Myocardial Infarction. Med Care. 2015;53(9):818-
26.1 

File đính kèm:

  • pdftien_luong_tu_vong_o_benh_nhan_nhoi_mau_co_tim_cap.pdf