CCNA Master IT Lab
MỤC LỤC
Phần 1 – TỔNG QUAN
OSI MODEL . 2
CABLE . 3
LỆNH CISCO CĂN BẢN . 8
CISCO DISCOVERY PROTOCOL . 21
TELNET . 26
CRACK PASSWORD . 30
BACKUP VÀ RESTORE . 35
Phần 2 – ĐỊNH TUYẾN
STATIC ROUTE . 40
DYNAMIC ROUTING PROTOCOL RIP . 48
DYNAMIC ROUTING PROTOCOL IGRP . 53
DYNAMIC ROUTING PROTOCOL EIGRP . 60
DYNAMIC ROUTING PROTOCOL OSPF . 69
Phần 3 – ACCESS-LIST
STANDARD IP ACCESS-LIST . 75
EXTENDED IP ACCESS-LIST . 80
Phần 4 – NAT . 84
NAT Overload
Dynamic NAT
Static NAT
Phần 5 – WAN
PPP . 90
FRAME-RELAY . 95
ISDN
Phần 6 - SWITCH
SWITCH (BASIC CONFIGURE)
VLAN
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B#ping 192.168.1.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 28/31/32 ms RB#ping 192.168.1.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 28/31/32 ms RB#sho compress Serial0 Software compression enabled uncompressed bytes xmt/rcv 3156/3176 1 min avg ratio xmt/rcv 3.067/2.810 5 min avg ratio xmt/rcv 0.871/0.928 10 min avg ratio xmt/rcv 0.871/0.928 no bufs xmt 0 no bufs rcv 0 resyncs 0 Additional Stacker Stats: Transmit bytes: Uncompressed = 0 Compressed = 766 Received bytes: Compressed = 814 Uncompressed = 0 95 FRAME RELAY: Sơ đồ nối dây và địa chỉ IP Trong lab này yêu cầu bạn thực hiện trước các câu lệnh trong phần XÓA CẤU HÌNH ROUTER trang 19, sau đó thực hiện tiếp phần TÓM TẮT trang17. Lưu ý khi đặt số IP ADD theo sơ đồ. Hạn chế tham khảo tài liệu trong khi thực hiện các lệnh cũ. Trong sơ đồ này, RA làm nhiệm vụ giả lập môi trường truyên thông FRAME RELAY. Cấu hình để Router RA làm nhiệm vụ Frame-relay Switch: RA(config)#frame-relay switching RA(config)#int s0 RA(config-if)#no ip address RA(config-if)#clock rate 64000 RA(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay RA(config-if)#no shut RA(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type cisco RA(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dce RA(config-if)#frame-relay route 500 int s1 600 RA(config)#int s1 RA(config-if)#no ip add RA(config-if)#clock rate 64000 RA(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay RA(config-if)#no shut RA(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type ansi RA(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dce RA(config-if)#frame-relay route 600 int s0 500 96 Cấu hình Router RB với DLCI=500, LMI=cisco: 1. Khai báo phương thức đóng gói là Fram-relay RB(config-if)#int s0 RB(config-if)#ip add 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0 RB(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay RB(config-if)#no shut RC(config-if)#int s1 RC(config-if)#ip add 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.0 RC(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay RC(config-if)#no shut Xem frame-relay map hiện tại, Dynamic là do invert ARP hỗ trợ: RB#sh fram pvc map Serial1 (up): ip 192.168.10.2 dlci 500(0x258,0x9480), dynamic, broadcast,, status defined, active RC#sh fram pvc map Serial1 (up): ip 192.168.10.1 dlci 600(0x258,0x9480), dynamic, broadcast,, status defined, active RC#ping 192.168.10.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.10.1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 60/60/60 ms 2. Trong trường hợp ISP không cho phép Invert ARP hoạt động, phải dùng lệnh Map IP ở cả hai đầu kết nối: RB(config)#int s0 RB(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.10.2 500 RC(config)#int s1 RC(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.10.1 600 Xem frame-relay map hiện tại chỉ còn lại là static, sau khi đã đánh lệnh frame-relay map: RB#sh fram pvc map Serial1 (up): ip 192.168.10.2 dlci 500(0x258,0x9480), static, CISCO, status defined, active RC#sh fram pvc map Serial1 (up): ip 192.168.10.1 dlci 600(0x258,0x9480), static, CISCO, status defined, active Trong trường hợp này, ta thấy không có tham số broadcast do đó các loại tín hiệu broadcast không gửi được trên đường truyền này, để thử các trương hợp xảy ra, ta cấu hình các router RB và RC dùng RIP để routing, nhận thấy là các router không thể routing được. RB(config)#int loo 1 RB(config-if)#ip add 192.168.9.9 255.255.255.0 RB(config-if)#exit RB(config)#router rip RB(config-router)#net 192.168.10.0 RB(config-router)#net 192.168.9.0 RB(config-router)#^Z 97 RC(config)#int loop1 RC(config-if)#ip add 192.168.7.7 255.255.255.0 RB(config)#router rip RB(config-router)#net 192.168.10.0 RB(config-router)#net 192.168.7.0 RB(config-router)#^Z Ping RB kiểm tra thử: RC#ping 192.168.10.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.10.1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 60/60/60 ms Do không làm việc được với tín hiệu broadcast nên không nhân được quảng báo Routing table từ Router RB qua: Dùng lệnh debug ip rip: không hề thấy nhận được broadcast và show ip route: không biết được các NET_ID của các router khác: RC#debug ip rip RIP protocol debugging is on RC# 01:18:52: RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via Loopback1 (192.168.7.7) 01:18:52: RIP: build update entries 01:18:52: network 192.168.10.0 metric 1 01:18:52: RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via Serial1 (192.168.10.2) 01:18:52: RIP: build update entries 01:18:52: network 192.168.7.0 metric 1 01:18:52: subnet 192.168.10.0 metric 1 RC#sh ip 01:19:20: RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via Loopback1 (192.168.7.7) 01:19:20: RIP: build update entries 01:19:20: network 192.168.10.0 metric 1 01:19:20: RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via Serial1 (192.168.10.2) 01:19:20: RIP: build update entries 01:19:20: network 192.168.7.0 metric 1 01:19:20: subnet 192.168.10.0 metric 1 RC#sh ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1 C 192.168.7.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1 Cho phép broadcast trên cả Router RB và RC: 98 RB(config)#int s 0 RB(config-if)#frame-re map ip 192.168.10.2 500 broadcast RC(config)#int s 1 RC(config-if)#frame map ip 192.168.10.1 600 broadcast Ngay lập tức cả 2 bên sẽ nhận được broadcast của nhau update được routing table: Router RB: 01:19:45: RIP: received v1 update from 192.168.10.2 on Serial0 01:19:45: 192.168.7.0 in 1 hops 01:19:45: 192.168.10.0 in 1 hops 01:19:47: RIP: sending v1 flash update to 255.255.255.255 via Loopback1 (192.168.9.9) 01:19:47: RIP: build flash update entries 01:19:47: network 192.168.7.0 metric 2 01:19:47: RIP: sending v1 flash update to 255.255.255.255 via Serial0 (192.168.10.1) 01:19:47: RIP: build flash update entries 01:19:47: network 192.168.7.0 metric 2 01:20:01: RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via Loopback1 (192.168.9.9) 01:20:01: RIP: build update entries 01:20:01: network 192.168.7.0 metric 2 01:20:01: network 192.168.10.0 metric 1 01:20:01: RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via Serial0 (192.168.10.1) 01:20:01: RIP: build update entries 01:20:01: network 192.168.7.0 metric 2 01:20:01: network 192.168.9.0 metric 1 01:20:01: subnet 192.168.10.0 metric 1 RB# 01:20:03: RIP: received v1 update from 192.168.10.2 on Serial0 01:20:03: 192.168.9.0 in 2 hops 01:20:11: RIP: received v1 update from 192.168.10.2 on Serial0 01:20:11: 192.168.7.0 in 1 hops 01:20:11: 192.168.9.0 in 2 hops 01:20:11: 192.168.10.0 in 1 hops RB#sh ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set C 192.168.9.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1 C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0 R 192.168.7.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.10.2, 00:00:03, Serial0 99 Router RC: 01:19:45: RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via Loopback1 (192.168.7.7) 01:19:45: RIP: build update entries 01:19:45: network 192.168.10.0 metric 1 01:19:45: RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via Serial1 (192.168.10.2) 01:19:45: RIP: build update entries 01:19:45: network 192.168.7.0 metric 1 01:19:45: subnet 192.168.10.0 metric 1 RC(config-if)# 01:19:48: RIP: received v1 update from 192.168.10.1 on Serial1 01:19:48: 192.168.7.0 in 2 hops RC(config-if)#^Z RC# 01:19:57: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console RC# 01:20:01: RIP: received v1 update from 192.168.10.1 on Serial1 01:20:01: 192.168.7.0 in 2 hops 01:20:01: 192.168.9.0 in 1 hops 01:20:01: 192.168.10.0 in 1 hops RC# 01:20:03: RIP: sending v1 flash update to 255.255.255.255 via Loopback1 (192.168.7.7) 01:20:03: RIP: build flash update entries 01:20:03: network 192.168.9.0 metric 2 01:20:03: RIP: sending v1 flash update to 255.255.255.255 via Serial1 (192.168.10.2) 01:20:03: RIP: build flash update entries 01:20:03: network 192.168.9.0 metric 2 RC# RC#sh ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set R 192.168.9.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.10.1, 00:00:07, Serial1 C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1 C 192.168.7.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1 Có thể xem lại: RC#sh fram map Serial1 (up): ip 192.168.10.1 dlci 600(0x258,0x9480), static, broadcast, CISCO, status defined, active
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