Bài giảng Green Energy Course Syllabus - Chapter 5: PV Systems - Nguyễn Hữu Phúc

5:00 649 16:40 139 18:20 0 
15:10 643 16:50 140 18:30 0 
15:20 583 17:00 182 18:40 0 
15:30 469 17:10 168 18:50 0 540 
 Two main applications: 
 - Solar hot water 
 - Solar photovoltaics 
541 
 Solar hot water has been developed since 
1990. At the early period, it was very difficult 
to get the attention of the community. 
 But, since around 1998, the number of 
installed solar hot water systems has 
gradually increased, especially in Ho Chi Minh 
city. 
542 
 Currently, solar hot water has become one of 
products at high competition. That leads to 
the increase of the number of companies 
doing business in this field. 
 But, there is so far no full industry referring 
to solar hot water. The main components of 
the system (solar collector,) are imported, 
mainly from China. 
543 
544 
 Researches referring to solar photovoltaics 
have been done from 1975. 
545 
1. Monocrystalline silicon 
2. Polycrystalline silicon 
3. Amorphous silicon 
546 
 Determination of the light- induced degradation 
rate of the solar cell sensitized N719 on 
nanocrystalline TiO2 particles 
 Thermal degradation kinetics of solar cell dye 
N719 bound to nanocrystalline TiO2 particles 
 Fabrication of solar cells based on N719, D520-
dyed nano-crystalline titanium dioxide and 
investigation of their performances 
 Improvement of the Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell 
Open-circuit Voltage by Electrolyte Additives and 
Cell Treatment with 4-tert-butylpyridine 
547 
 The Relationship between Electrochemical 
Impedance Spectra and Photovoltaic Performance 
Characteristics during the Light and Thermal 
Ageing of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells 
 Effects of Electrolyte Additives on the Open-circuit 
Voltage of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells 
 Decomposition and degradation of dyes in solar 
cells under prolonged thermal and light ageing 
 Dye-sensitized solar cell based on nano-crystalline 
titanium dioxide 
548 
 Fabrication of solar cells based on titanium dioxide 
and organometallic dyes 
 Grid connected systems 
549 
 But, due to many difficulties, the research on 
solar photovoltaics is nearly activities of 
scientists in laboratory only. 
 It has not exercised its influence on the 
society. 
550 
 In 1990, the first 300Wp-unit was installed 
at Can Gio district, Ho Chi Minh city. 
 From 1994, solar photovoltaics has been 
expanded in the whole country. 
 Currently, total installed photovoltaics is 
around 2MWp. 
551 
 Installed locations: 
 - Rural areas (PV units were installed at 
more than 3000 houses, there have been 
around 8500 families who can reach PV 
indirectly by using batteries charged from 
stations). 
 - Cultural centers. 
 - Medical centers. 
 - Telecommunication units. 
 - Traveling boats. 
552 
 - Post offices 
 - Ambulances. 
 - Public lighting systems. 
 - Traffic lighting systems. 
 - Battery charging stations. 
 - Schools. 
 - Islands. 
553 
554 
Reference: 
2000Wp 
555 
810Wp 
Reference: 
556 
Reference: 
vietnam.com.vn/index.php?lang=vn 
 Main features of photovoltaic development 
in Vietnam: 
 - Most budgets funded by international 
organizations and several funded by 
national agencies (there is so far nearly no 
personal budget invested to set up the 
system). 
 - It leads to unstable and unsustainable 
development. 
 - All solar panels are so far imported. 
557 
 Currently, there are only several companies 
doing business on photovoltaics in Vietnam. 
 SELCO-VIETNAM could be considered as the 
biggest company in this field (Installed 
photovoltaics – 262kWp) 
558 
 Several related websites for your reference: 
 1. 
vietnam.com.vn/index.php?lang=en 
 2.  
559 
 Recently, a factory producing solar panels 
has been installed in Long An – near Ho Chi 
Minh City. 
 By planning, its expected capacity is 
3MWp/year (first step) and 5MWp/year 
(next step). 
560 
561 
562 
 There is high potential to exploit solar energy 
in Vietnam. 
 There is also high demand on solar 
technologies such as solar photovoltaics and 
solar hot water. 
 (Survey: 50,000 families in southern and 
central parts of the country need PV systems) 
563 
 Current situation on solar photovoltaics: 
 1. Solar hot water has been developed well, 
especially in the southern parts of the 
country. Currently, it is easy to see solar hot 
water systems on roofs of many houses in 
Ho Chi Minh city. 
 2. In the meantime, solar photovoltaics has 
been almost done by projects and has been 
installed dispersedly. There have been only 
a few people who want to invest the 
systems by their own budget. 
564 
 Referring to energy policy, currently there are 
good enough macroscopic policies and 
roadmap to promote renewable energy 
activities in Vietnam. 
 In June 2009, the draft of the law on energy 
conservation was submitted to the 
consideration of the national assembly. 
Hopefully, the similar draft of the law on 
renewable energy could be submitted next 
year. 
565 
 According to the current energy policy, 
renewable energy including solar energy is 
expected to be one of main energy resources 
of the country. 
566 
 But, unfortunately, the current applications of 
renewable energy, especially of installed solar 
photovoltaics, are still far from our expected 
targets. 
 Although there have been activities referring to 
photovoltaics in Vietnam leading to around 
2MWp installed, but Vietnam is still nearly a 
blank area in terms of photovoltaics. 
567 
568 
 YES, we need solar photovoltaics. 
 But, like everywhere, the first main reason is 
always the price. 
569 
 To set up a photovoltaic system, we often 
need: 
 - Solar panel (Kyocera, SolarWorld,) 
 - Control system 
 - Battery (Phoenix,) 
 - Converter 
 - Others 
 Current mean price in Vietnam (including 
solar panel and main components): 
8USD/Wp - 10USD/Wp 
570 
 We can see: 
 - Rural area: very high demand on solar 
photovoltaics, but because of high price 
poor people can not dream of getting it. 
 - Urban area: good electricity supply from 
the national grid. But, if the price is good 
enough, solar photovoltaics can also attract 
the attention of the people living in the 
urban area to prevent unexpected power 
shortage (It is quite often in Vietnam, 
especially in the dry season). 
571 
572 
- Currently, there is general macroscopic energy 
policy. But, there are so far no concrete policies 
such as tax exemption and financial supports, 
- Solar panels and corresponding parts are 
mainly imported. There is nearly no industry 
referring to solar photovoltaics in Vietnam, 
except one factory named RED SUN in Long An 
– near Ho Chi Minh City. 
 Price reduction: 
 1. In-country fabrication by local and 
foreign investment. 
 2. Detailed policies focusing on tax 
exemption, or tax reduction, or financial 
supports . 
573 
 Development strategy: 
 Two steps: 
 1.To promote the application of solar 
photovoltaics in Vietnam, we should firstly set 
up the new projects, it means we should not 
wait for the personal demands paid by 
personal budgets. 
 The new projects must be totally different 
from the previous ones, which have been often 
funded by international or national 
organizations and have been installed mainly 
for demonstration purpose. 
574 
 The new projects should be invested by 
people who are intending to do business in 
this field. 
 Under this point of view, the new projects 
should not be decentralized and should be 
connected to the grid.. 
 In order to set up the projects, it must be 
repeated that we need good financial 
policies, hopefully, which would be 
published in the first quarter of the next 
year. 
575 
 2. Following the success of the first step, the 
solar photovoltaics together with its low price 
can get the attention of the community. 
 After this step, hopefully personal budgets 
can be expended to buy solar panels. 
576 
 ―SOLAR ROOF should be considered as one of 
main strategic approaches parallel with the 
new projects (step 1) to promote photovoltaic 
application in Vietnam, especially at NEW 
URBAN AREAS‖. 
 There is high potential to develop the notion 
SOLAR CITY at NEW URBAN AREAS. 
577 
578 
 Nearly blank market and blank area in terms 
of solar photovoltaics are awaiting you. 
579 
 ―Vietnam Needs Investors To Promote Use 
Of Renewable Energy Technologies‖. 
 ―The Government of Vietnam has been 
exploring more and more the possibilities 
for investment in the country as they 
recognize the toll that electricity shortages 
nationwide are causing‖. 
580 
  ―The climate of Vietnam is conducive to 
positive impacts from solar energy use, and 
the sun is a priceless commodity in both 
summer and winter. Research information 
shows that sunshine is available between 
1,800 hours and 2,700 hours annually‖. 
581 
 ―Experts agree that solar energy is a great 
way to fill off-grid electricity needs, 
especially in areas of a higher concentration 
of pollution where mini-grids are not a 
good idea‖. 
Sherry Irvin 
on behalf of the 
BascoTec Internet Limited 
Technologie Park 13 
33100 Paderborn 
Germany 
582 
 The draft of the decree on the means supporting 
the development of renewable energy has just been 
submitted to the government by the ministry of 
industry and commerce (Tuoi Tre daily newspaper, 
Sept. 8, 2009). 
 Main contents of the draft of the decree: 
 - The government commits to exempt those 
who invest to develop the electric generation by 
renewable energy from taxes. 
 - The price of electricity produced by renewable 
energy would be discussed to guarantee the 
investor’s rational benefit. 
583 
 It’s time to invest and to do business 
referring to solar photovoltaics in Vietnam. 
584 
 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION 
585